COGNITIVE INOCULATION AGAINST MISINFORMATION: A NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTION FRAMEWORK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58329/criss.v4i2.185Abstract
Abstract Views: 36
Misinformation in the modern digital era goes viral easily and has a severe consequence on the opinion of people, social divisions, and the decision-making process. The spread of fake news is a grave issue because it may influence the ideas and actions both directly and indirectly. In order to fight this, a psychological intervention, cognitive inoculation, meant to develop resistance to misinformation, has been regarded as an effective approach. This research is an outcome of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in which 200 participants will be used to evaluate the functionality of cognitive inoculation in alleviating belief in fake news. The participants were taken to the scanner of the fMRI attributes to both pre- and post-inoculation intervention wherein the brain activity of resisting misinformation could be observed. The results indicate that there was a significant post-inoculation training 41% decline in the belief in fake news. Besides, the research found that there were considerable shifts in the activation patterns of the prefrontal cortex which are associated with higher order cognitive processes like reasoning and decision making. Such brain changes indicate that cognitive inoculation does not only produce changes in the way that individuals process information but it can also affect the brain processes underlying the resistance to misinformation. The research is the first neurobiological indication of the cognitive inoculation applicability as there is evidence of psychological strategies to fight misinformation at both cognitive and neural levels.
Keywords:
cognitive inoculation, misinformation, neuropsychology, intervention, fMRI, media literacy
References
Adolphs, R. (2010). What does the amygdala contribute to social cognition? Annual Review of Psychology, 61, 1-27.
Chaiken, S., & Trope, Y. (1999). Dual-process theories in social psychology. Guilford Press.
Lewandowsky, S., Ecker, U. K. H., & Cook, J. (2017). The debunking handbook. Australian National Centre for the Public Awareness of Science.
McGuire, W. J. (1961). Resistance to persuasion and attitude change. Psychological Bulletin, 58(1), 77-88.
Miller, E. K., & Cohen, J. D. (2001). An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 24, 167-202.
Pennycook, G., & Rand, D. G. (2018). Fighting misinformation on the internet. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 19(3), 1-40.
Aftab, M., Syed, K. B. S., & Katper, N. A. (2017). Exchange-rate volatility and Malaysian-Thai bilateral industry trade flows. Journal of Economic Studies, 44(1), 99-114.
Ahmed, J., Rafique, M. O., Qureshi, A., Shamsuddin, P., & Abd Wahab, D. S. (2024). Bridging the Gap: Exploring the Role of Green Transformational Leadership in Fostering Sustainability in the Islamic Banking Industry.
Ahmed, N., Hamid, Z., Mahboob, F., Rehman, K. U., Ali, M. S. E., Senkus, P., ... & Skrzypek, A. (2022). Causal linkage among agricultural insurance, air pollution, and agricultural green total factor productivity in United States: pairwise granger causality approach. Agriculture, 12(9), 1320.
Ahmed, N., Mahboob, F., Hamid, Z., Sheikh, A. A., Ali, M. S. E., Glabiszewski, W., ... & Cyfert, S. (2022). Nexus between nuclear energy consumption and carbon footprint in Asia Pacific region: Policy toward environmental sustainability. Energies, 15(19), 6956.
Ahmed, N., Sheikh, A. A., Mahboob, F., Ali, M. S. E., Jasińska, E., Jasiński, M., ... & Burgio, A. (2022). Energy diversification: a friend or foe to economic growth in Nordic countries? A novel energy diversification approach. Energies, 15(15), 5422.
Ahmed, S., Jabeen, R., & Khan, D. S. (2023). Mediating Role of Leadership Self-Efficacy between Formal Developmental Experiences and Leadership Effectiveness: In Pakistani Higher Education Institutions. Siazga Research Journal, 2(3), 140–146. https://doi.org/10.58341/srj.v2i3.19
Bibi, M., Khan, M. K., Tufail, M. M. B., Godil, D. I., Usman, R., & Faizan, M. (2023). How ICT and globalization interact with the environment: a case of the Chinese economy. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(3), 8207-8225.
Chhajro, M., Khuhro, M., Kumar, K., Wagan, A., Umrani, A., & Laghari, A. (2020). Multi-text classification of Urdu/Roman using machine learning and natural language preprocessing techniques. Indian J. Sci. Technol, 13, 1890-1900. https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v13i19.230
Guanghua, L., Siddiqui, F. A., Aman, M. M., Shah, S. H. H., Ali, A., Soomar, A. M., & Shaikh, S. (2024). Improved maximum power point tracking algorithms by using numerical analysis techniques for photovoltaic systems. Results in engineering, 21, 101740.
Habil, H. (2013). Technical oral presentation: Analyzing communicative competence of Engineering students of Pakistan for workplace environment. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences.
Hafeez, A., Wagan, A. A., Umrani, A. I., & Javed, S. (2021). Ontology-Based Transformation and Verification of UML/OCL Constraints. Sukkur IBA Journal of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, 5(2), 36-40.
Hureri, M. A., Rafique, M. O., & Yousufi, A. R. (2021). The development of spouse in the light of Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)’s relation with Sayyedah Aisha (R.A). Al-Aijaz Research Journal of Islamic Studies & Humanities. https://doi.org/10.53575/URDU5.V5.02(21).53-73
Hureri, M. A., Rafique, M. O., Alia, K., Ullah, M. Z., Ahmad, M., & Majid, A. (2022). Holistic Islamic Model for Securing Wealth in Light of Maqasid-E-Shariah. Al-Qanṭara, 8(2).
Johl, S. K., Umrani, A. I., & Munodawafa, R. T. (2017, November). A comparative study of active learning with and without using mind mapping approach. In 2017 7th World Engineering Education Forum (WEEF) (pp. 839-843). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/WEEF.2017.8467158
Kakepoto, I., Bhutto, N. A., & Umrani, A. I. (2022). Biometric attendance management system: A university perspective. Global Social Sciences Review, VII, 309-318. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).31
Kakepoto, I., Said, H., Habil, H., Umrani, A. I., & Memon, I. A. (2013). Workplace communication: Oral communicative competence of engineers in engineering workplace of Pakistan. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 3(2), 131-139.
Khan, S., Rasheed, R., Rashid, A., Abbas, Q., & Mahboob, F. (2022). The effect of demographic characteristics on job performance: an empirical study from Pakistan. The journal of asian finance, economics and business, 9(2), 283-294.
Qader, G., Shahid, Z. A., Junaid, M., Shaikh, I. M., & Qureshi, M. A. (2023). The role of diffusion of innovation theory towards the adoption of halal meat supply chain. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 14(5), 1211-1228. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-01-2021-0032
Qureshi, M. A., Khaskheli, A., Qureshi, J. A., Raza, S. A., & Khan, K. A. (2023). Factors influencing green purchase behavior among millennials: the moderating role of religious values. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 14(6), 1417-1437. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-06-2020-0174
Rafique, M. O., & Siddiqui, F. (2024). Building Ethical Financial Pathways: Mabrook and the Future of Shariah-Compliant Crowdfunding.
Rafique, M. O., Abdullah, A. S. C., & Fatoni, M. A. W. (2023). Analysis of Ḥiyal (Legal Stratagems) Cases in Islamic Financial Law. Russian Law Journal, 11(2), 299-308. https://doi.org/10.52783/rlj.v11i2.666
Rafique, M. O., Abdullah, A. S. C., Fatoni, M. A. W., & Lubis, A. (2023). Hiyal (Legal Stratagems) in Islamic Finance: Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 8(6), https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i6.1752
Rafique, M. O., Hureri, M. A., & Iqbal, H. A. (2023). Form Over Substance Approach In Islamic Finance Due To Darurah Concept. Pakistan Journal of Qur’ānic Studies, 2(2), 158-171.
Rafique, M. O., Qureshi, M. A., Muhaimin, A., & Shah, M. H. (2024). Irrigating Arid Lands: Sustainable Development Through Blue Sukuk. In Climate Change and Finance: Navigating the Challenges and Opportunities in Capital Markets (pp. 323-341). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
Shen, Z., Zhao, M., & Zaib, K. (2024). Cultural aesthetics in language use: Examining expressive elements in novel, short story, and movie communication. Cultura: International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology, 21(5), 1-21.
Tunio, M. N., Shaikh, E., & Lighari, S. (2021). Multifaceted perils of the Covid-19 and implications: A Review. Studies of Applied Economics, 39(2).
Tunio, M. N., Shaikh, E., Katper, N. K., & Brahmi, M. (2023). Nascent entrepreneurs and challenges in the digital market in developing countries. International Journal of Public Sector Performance Management, 12(1-2), 140-153.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
