Assessment of Mental Health Literacy among School Teachers
A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58329/criss.v3i3.151Abstract
Abstract Views: 108
This study aims to look at Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistani school teachers' mental health literacy (MHL). More specifically, focuses on the teachers' capacity to identify knowledge of psychological disorders, their comprehension of risk factors, and their perspectives on mental health. A cross-sectional approach was utilized for the collection of data from five hundred teachers working in government and private schools in the districts of Peshawar and Swabi. The Mental Health Literacy Scale was utilized to obtain this information. The results show that teachers at private schools are consistently more knowledgeable about mental health than those in public schools, especially when it comes to self-treatment awareness. On the other hand, instructors employed by the government demonstrated more positive attitudes regarding recognizing mental health disorders and seeking assistance for them. Additionally, substantial disparities were discovered between teachers from Peshawar and Swabi, with teachers from Peshawar displaying increased knowledge of mental health than Swabi instructors. To better support teachers' mental health, the findings highlight the necessity of specialized training programs to improve mental health literacy (MHL) amongst teachers, particularly in locations with limited resources or resources.
Keywords:
Mental health literacy, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Psychological disorder, well-being
References
Adelman, H. S., & Taylor, L. (2000). Shaping the future of mental health in schools. Psychology in the Schools, 37(1), 49-60.
Akhtar, I. (2020). Mental health literacy scale: Translation and validation in Pakistani context. Pak. Soc. Sci. Rev, 4, 722-735.
Aluh, D. O., Dim, O. F., & Anene‐Okeke, C. G. (2018). Mental health literacy among Nigerian teachers. Asia‐Pacific Psychiatry, 10(4), e12329.
Bale, J., Grové, C., & Costello, S. (2020). Building a mental health literacy model and verbal scale for children: Results of a Delphi study. Children and Youth Services Review, 109, 104667.
Balta, S., Emirtekin, E., Kircaburun, K., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). Neuroticism, trait fear of missing out, and phubbing: The mediating role of state fear of missing out and problematic Instagram use. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 18, 628-639.
Bentley, J. C. (1965). The Teacher's Role in Mental Health. The Educational Forum,
Cefai, C., Cavioni, V., Cefai, C., & Cavioni, V. (2014). A Whole-School Approach to SEE: The School as a Caring Community. Social and Emotional Education in Primary School: Integrating Theory and Research into Practice, 113-131.
Clausen, C. E., Guerrero, A. P., Oshodi, Y. O., Bazaid, K., Leventhal, B., Silva, F. D., Azeem, M. W., Tateno, M., Wiguna, T., & Kaligis, F. (2017). Advancing global child and adolescent mental health. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening.
Cross, S. P., & Hickie, I. (2017). Transdiagnostic stepped care in mental health. Public health research & practice, 27(2).
Fazel, M., Patel, V., Thomas, S., & Tol, W. (2014). Mental health interventions in schools in low-income and middle-income countries. The Lancet Psychiatry, 1(5), 388-398.
Franklin, C. G., Kim, J. S., Ryan, T. N., Kelly, M. S., & Montgomery, K. L. (2012). Teacher involvement in school mental health interventions: A systematic review. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(5), 973-982.
Froese-Germain, B., & Riel, R. (2012). Understanding Teachers' Perspectives on Student Mental Health: Findings from a National Survey. ERIC.
Graeff‐Martins, A. S., Flament, M. F., Fayyad, J., Tyano, S., Jensen, P., & Rohde, L. A. (2008). Diffusion of efficacious interventions for children and adolescents with mental health problems. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49(3), 335-352.
Hassan, S. (2010). Parent and teacher based epidemiological survey of psychiatric morbidity amongst school children in Karachi, Pakistan University of Leicester].
Imran, N., Rahman, A., Chaudhry, N., & Asif, A. (2022). Effectiveness of a school-based mental health intervention for school teachers in urban Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 16(1), 33.
Jessiman, P., Kidger, J., Spencer, L., Geijer-Simpson, E., Kaluzeviciute, G., Burn, A. M., Leonard, N., & Limmer, M. (2022). School culture and student mental health: a qualitative study in UK secondary schools. BMC public health, 22(1), 619.
Johnson, C., Eva, A. L., Johnson, L., & Walker, B. (2011). Don't turn away: Empowering teachers to support students’ mental health. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 84(1), 9-14.
Jorm, A. F., Korten, A. E., Jacomb, P. A., Christensen, H., Rodgers, B., & Pollitt, P. (1997). “Mental health literacy”: a survey of the public's ability to recognise mental disorders and their beliefs about the effectiveness of treatment. Medical journal of Australia, 166(4), 182-186.
Kelly, C. M., Mithen, J. M., Fischer, J. A., Kitchener, B. A., Jorm, A. F., Lowe, A., & Scanlan, C. (2011). Youth mental health first aid: a description of the program and an initial evaluation. International journal of mental health systems, 5, 1-9.
Kessler, R. C., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Alonso, J., Chatterji, S., Lee, S., & Üstün, T. B. (2009). The WHO world mental health (WMH) surveys. Die Psychiatrie, 6(01), 5-9.
Kessler, R. C., Amminger, G. P., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Alonso, J., Lee, S., & Üstün, T. B. (2007). Age of onset of mental disorders: a review of recent literature. Current opinion in psychiatry, 20(4), 359-364.
Kutcher, S., Wei, Y., & Coniglio, C. (2016). Mental health literacy: Past, present, and future. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 61(3), 154-158.
Kutcher, S., Wei, Y., & Morgan, C. (2015). Successful application of a Canadian mental health curriculum resource by usual classroom teachers in significantly and sustainably improving student mental health literacy. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 60(12), 580-586.
Lestari, Y., Latief, S., & Widiastuti, R. (2013). Mengurangi kecemasan siswa di sekolah dengan menggunakan teknik desensitisasi sistematis. ALIBKIN (Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling), 2(3).
Li, Q. (2010). Cyberbullying in high schools: A study of students' behaviors and beliefs about this new phenomenon. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 19(4), 372-392.
Lynn, C. J., McKay, M. M., & Atkins, M. S. (2003). School social work: Meeting the mental health needs of students through collaboration with teachers. Children & Schools, 25(4), 197-209.
Marinucci, A., Grové, C., & Allen, K.-A. (2023). Australian school staff and allied health professional perspectives of mental health literacy in schools: A mixed methods study. Educational Psychology Review, 35(1), 3.
Masten, A. S., Roisman, G. I., Long, J. D., Burt, K. B., Obradović, J., Riley, J. R., Boelcke-Stennes, K., & Tellegen, A. (2005). Developmental cascades: linking academic achievement and externalizing and internalizing symptoms over 20 years. Developmental psychology, 41(5), 733.
Moon, J., Williford, A., & Mendenhall, A. (2017). Educators' perceptions of youth mental health: Implications for training and the promotion of mental health services in schools. Children and youth services review, 73, 384-391.
Nguyen Thai, Q. C., & Nguyen, T. H. (2018). Mental health literacy: knowledge of depression among undergraduate students in Hanoi, Vietnam. International journal of mental health systems, 12(1), 1-8.
Nutbeam, D., & Wise, M. (1993). Australia: planning for better health: opportunities for health promotion through the development of national health goals and targets. Promotion & education, 1(4), 19-24.
O'Neil, K. A., Conner, B. T., & Kendall, P. C. (2011). Internalizing disorders and substance use disorders in youth: Comorbidity, risk, temporal order, and implications for intervention. Clinical psychology review, 31(1), 104-112.
O’Connor, M., Casey, L., & Clough, B. (2014). Measuring mental health literacy–a review of scale-based measures. Journal of mental health, 23(4), 197-204.
Patel, V., Saxena, S., Lund, C., Thornicroft, G., Baingana, F., Bolton, P., Chisholm, D., Collins, P. Y., Cooper, J. L., & Eaton, J. (2018). The Lancet Commission on global mental health and sustainable development. The Lancet, 392(10157), 1553-1598.
Pullmann, M. D., Bruns, E. J., Daly, B. P., & Sander, M. A. (2013). Improving the evaluation and impact of mental health and other supportive school-based programmes on students' academic outcomes. Advances in school mental health promotion, 6(4), 226-230.
Riastiningsih, S., & Sidarta, N. (2018). Tingkat depresi dan jenis kelamin berhubungan dengan perilaku anti sosial pada pelajar SMA. Jurnal Biomedika dan Kesehatan, 1(1), 3-9.
Schomerus, G., Schwahn, C., Holzinger, A., Corrigan, P. W., Grabe, H. J., Carta, M. G., & Angermeyer, M. C. (2012). Evolution of public attitudes about mental illness: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 125(6), 440-452.
Severson, H. H., Walker, H. M., Hope-Doolittle, J., Kratochwill, T. R., & Gresham, F. M. (2007). Proactive, early screening to detect behaviorally at-risk students: Issues, approaches, emerging innovations, and professional practices. Journal of School Psychology, 45(2), 193-223.
Shepherd, J., Pickett, K., Dewhirst, S., Byrne, J., Speller, V., Grace, M., Almond, P., & Roderick, P. (2016). Initial teacher training to promote health and well-being in schools–A systematic review of effectiveness, barriers and facilitators. Health education journal, 75(6), 721-735.
Skre, I., Friborg, O., Breivik, C., Johnsen, L. I., Arnesen, Y., & Wang, C. E. A. (2013). A school intervention for mental health literacy in adolescents: effects of a non-randomized cluster controlled trial. BMC public health, 13, 1-15.
Ulum, T. S., Kusdaryani, W., & Yulianti, P. D. (2019). Layanan Konseling Kelompok Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy Terhadap Harga Diri Siswa Korban Self Injury. Empati: Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling, 6(2), 49-58.
Weare, K., & Nind, M. (2011). Mental health promotion and problem prevention in schools: what does the evidence say? Health promotion international, 26(suppl_1), i29-i69.
Whitley, J., Smith, J. D., & Vaillancourt, T. (2013). Promoting mental health literacy among educators: Critical in school-based prevention and intervention. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 28(1), 56-70.
Wironika, A., Yulianti, P. D., & Retnaningdyastuti, R. (2019). Pengaruh Konseling Kelompok Cognitive Behavior Therapy Teknik Stress Inoculation Training Terhadap Stres Ulangan Siswa. Indonesian Journal of Learning Education and Counseling, 2(1), 90-99.
World Health Organization. (2003). Caring for children and adolescents with mental disorders.
World Health Organization. (2010). mhGAP intervention guide for mental, neurological and substance use disorders in non-specialized health settings.
Yamaguchi, S., Foo, J. C., Kitagawa, Y., Togo, F., & Sasaki, T. (2021). A survey of mental health literacy in Japanese high school teachers. BMC psychiatry, 21, 1-9.
Yildirim, C., Sumuer, E., Adnan, M., & Yildirim, S. (2016). A growing fear: Prevalence of nomophobia among Turkish college students. Information Development, 32(5), 1322-1331.
Young Minds Annual Report (2007-08.). Available from http://www.youngminds.org.uk/documentlibrary/pdf/2008%20ym%20annual%20report.pdf
Youssef, M. K., Hutchinson, G., & Youssef, F. F. (2015). Knowledge of and attitudes toward ADHD among teachers: Insights from a Caribbean nation. Sage Open, 5(1), 2158244014566761.
Yulianti, P. D., Sugiharto, D., Surjaningrum, E. R., & Hartini, N. (2021). Mental Healthy Literacy of Teachers: a Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Educational, Health & Community Psychology (JEHCP), 10(2).
Zaky, E. A. (2016). Adolescence: A crucial transitional stage in human life. J Child Adolesc Behav, 4(4), e115.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 CARC Research in Social Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
