Environment of Crimes at Community Level
A Facilitator to Juvenile Militancy in District Swat
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58329/criss.v2i3.37Abstract
Abstract Views: 139
This research paper focuses on investigating the relationship between the overall crime environment and juvenile engagement in militant activities. The study involved interviews with all 83 juveniles who had been released from the Mishal Institute for the Rehabilitation of Juvenile Militants, employing a three-level Likert scale for data collection. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Chi-square test to assess the correlation between various factors under consideration. The findings revealed a significant association between juvenile militancy and several key variables, including residing in rural areas, local community members' involvement in criminal activities, family members' participation in criminal acts, challenges in adapting to the community environment, recurrent government force raids, detentions of community members by security forces, encouragement of criminal behavior by locals, severe penalties imposed on community members, training of children to break the law, and the influence of friends involved in criminal activities. Based on these insights, the study recommends several strategies to address and mitigate violent crimes among juveniles. These strategies encompass raising awareness in communities, revitalizing the family institution to ensure proper child upbringing, resolving disputes effectively, and implementing socio-economic interventions to address economic disparities. These measures collectively contribute to the prevention and control of juvenile engagement in militant activities, fostering a safer and more harmonious society.
Keywords:
Armed conflict, District swat, Environment of crimes, Juvenile militancy
References
Abbas, H. (2010). Militancy in Pakistan’s Borderlands: Implications for the Nation and for Afghan Policy. New York: The Century Foundation.
Ahmad, M. (2010). Implications of the War on Terror for Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Journal of Critical Globalization Studies, 3, 102-113.
Ali, S., Shiekh, A. N., Shakoor, A., Wazir, A., & Saeed, M. (2013). History of Swat till to the Rise of Taliban and the Role of FM Radio. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 3(8), 52. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v3-i8/109
Ansari, M. (2004). Banking on Terror. Newsline.
Baily KD, 1982. Methods of Social Research. 2nd Ed. Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., New York.
Berko, A., Wolf, Y., & Addad, M. (2004). The moral infrastructure of chief perpetrators of suicidal terrorism: An analysis in terms of moral judgment. Israel Studies in Criminology 9 , pp. 603–623.
Bloom, S. L. 2001. Commentary: Reflections on the Desire for Revenge. Journal of Emotional Abuse.
CNN. 2009. September 21. CNN.comU.S. Retrieved December 4. 2012. from CNN.com: http://edition.cnn.com/2009/US/09/20/gen.bush.transcript
Hussain, K. (2011). Modes and scale of conflict in Pakistan’s Swat Valley, Conflict and Peace studies (1989-2008). Conflict and Peace Studies, 4(20). http://san-pips.com/download.php?f=95.pdf
Khan, M. A. (2009, June 4). FM mullahs spread the Taliban's word. Retrieved from Asia Times Online http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/KF04Df02.html
Nachmias, C. F., & Nachmias, D. (1992). Research Methods in Social Sciences (4th ed.). New York: St Martin’s Press Inco.
Rana, M. A. (2010). Hizbut Tahrir in Pakistan Discourse and Impact. Pakistan Institute for Peace Studies, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Rana, M. A. (2011). Swat De-radicalization Model: Prospects for Rehabilitating Militants. Conflict and Peace Studies, 4(2), 1-7.
Sekaran, U. (2003). Determining sample size. Sekaran. Uma (4th Eds.), Research methods for business: A skill building approach, 263-298.
Sultan-i-Rome. (2009). Swat: A Critical Analysis. IPCS Research Papers, 27.
Tessler, M., & Robbins, M.D.H. (2007). What leads some ordinary Arab men and women to approve of terrorist acts against the United States? Journal of Conflict Resolution , 51(2), 305-328. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002706298135
Ullah, A., & Shah, M. (2016). Extent of Child Social Exclusion in Pakhtun Culture: A Multidimensional Approach. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 11, 525-538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-014-9379-2
Ullah, A., Shah, M., & Shafi, B. (2014). Environment of Crimes and Violence at Community Level and its Exclusionary Effects on Children. Pakistan Journal of Criminology, 6(2), 65.
Uribe, M. V. (1992). Limpiar La Tierra, Guerra y poder entre esmeralderos. EdicionesAntropos. Bogota. https://doi.org/10.1215/00182168-77.2.340
Usmani, S. A. (1978). Juvenile militancy among males. A sociological survey. Lahore. Department of Sociology. Punjab University.
Waseem, M. (2004). Origins and growth patterns of Islamic organizations in Pakistan. Religious Radicalism and Security in South Asia. Honolulu: Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, 33.
William, C. K. (1964). Juvenile delinquency, a problem for the modern world.
Zafar, R. (2011). Development and the Battle for Swat. Al-Nakhlah. The Fletcher School Online Journal, USA: Tufts University.
Zain & Sheema. (2002). The Review. DAWN. March 14-20. Karachi: Dawn
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 CARC Research in Social Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
